Original Wizard

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At this point, the entire tower wizard has an immortal legendary wizard, 2 mythological wizards and a 2-digit legendary epic wizard.

If according to Kaya World鈥檚 statement, the tower wizards can establish a god system of their own, of course, it is not necessary for the wizards. The wizards already have the Magic Council and the Supreme Council. There is no need to imitate the Kaya gods. Tradition establishes the spiritual system.

The emergence of the law of conservation of energy has caused many wizards who believe in the “life force” theory to headshot and die, but some wizards who believe in the “life force” theory have improved the theory. They believe that the core of life force is magic, and no one has yet been able to. The magic of explanation.

“Magic power must also be a kind of energy. We can transform magic power into mechanical energy, elemental energy, electromagnetic energy, light energy, etc. by casting spells. I think magic power is a kind of 10000 energy. It is just a very unique, location The sequence has extremely high energy, but in the final analysis, it is a kind of energy.”

In the lobby of the central tower, Thomas resolute and decisive said.

Some wizards raised objections. An older wizard said loudly: “Mechanical work produces mechanical energy, elemental reaction produces elemental energy, mechanical work, elemental reaction can be converted into electrical energy, and electrical energy can be converted into light energy. Some heat loss, this theory is not at all problem, but what about the magic?

Where is our magic power?

Magic power can be transformed into those just mentioned by casting spells, but those cannot be reversed into magic power!So I think that the scope of energy conservation is only ordinary energy, and magic is an exception, which requires your theory to be limited. “

After hearing this statement, Thomas anxiously refuted not at all. He nodded said: “We really have not observed how other energies are transformed into magic power, but as far as magic power itself is concerned, magic power can be transformed from low quality to high quality, as long as Some consumption is enough, and it can even reach the’Essence of God’ level, which is equivalent to the source strength of the great source.

In other words, the magic power system also follows the law of conservation of energy. As for whether magic power is conserved with other energies, I think it can be inferred that there is, but we have not yet discovered that’s all. “

Thomas returned to the Betty Wizard Tower and said to Donna: “I suddenly thought of a possibility. Will magic be like high-temperature gas and ordinary energy like low-temperature gas. The conversion of high-temperature gas to low-temperature gas is a natural process. To reverse this process, I am afraid that heating outside the system is required.”

Donna, who was doing the experiment, replied, “You mean the steam engine?”

Thomas agreed and said: “Yes, it is somewhat similar to a steam engine. A steam engine uses steam as power to push pistons back and forth. Is the energy operation model of this World comparable to a steam engine? There are two cylinders, which are cylinder A and cylinder B.

When the temperature in cylinder A is high, the piston moves to cylinder B, and vice versa. During this process, if you want the piston to move to cylinder A, you must condense cylinder A from outside the system! “

Donna understood Thomas’ meaning, she lowered her voice and said, “What you mean is that the’temperature’ of other energy is lower than magic, so it can’t be transformed into magic. If you want to transform into magic, you must either be external to other energies. Heating’, or the magic power cools down and becomes lower than other energies, and other energies become magic power.”

Thomas patted his thigh and said, “That’s what it means.”

Donna suddenly said mysteriously: “This theory assumes that the model is interesting, but it’s just a guess. I thought of another aspect, about thermodynamics.”

Thomas urged a little anxiously: “What? Don’t sell it.”

Donna waved his hand, the magic rhythmic, and quickly formed a holographic picture, a cylinder with a cut, with a piston in the middle, gas inside, and heavy objects above the piston.

“Assuming such an ideal state, there is no friction between the piston and the cylinder, the cylinder can be completely insulated when needed, and the gas in the cylinder is composed of independent molecules, which will not become solid and liquid with changes in pressure and temperature. There will be no chemical reaction.”

Thomas looked at the cut-away holographic cylinder picture, looking thoughtful.

Donna continued: “First, it is in the process of isothermal heat absorption. The piston moves upwards, the cylinder increases in volume and absorbs heat outwards, so as to keep the temperature constant. Let this temperature be T1.

After that, it will enter the adiabatic process. In the adiabatic state, although it is not heated, the piston still has to do external work due to inertia, and the temperature in the cylinder decreases.

Therefore, the cylinder volume increases and the temperature drops to T2.

Then is the isothermal heat release process, the piston descends in the opposite direction, the cylinder volume is reduced, and the heat is released to the outside to keep the temperature constant.

The last is the adiabatic process, the piston continues to drop due to inertia, the cylinder volume decreases, and the temperature rises to T1.

If the heavy object is replaced with another part of the cylinder, it is the working principle of the entire cylinder. “

Thomas looked at the cylinder section of the cycle, clapped his hands and said, “I understand, in your cycle, the external work done by the system is equal to the heat absorbed minus the heat released. This model can be called a Donna heat engine, the cycle process Called the Donna cycle, the efficiency of the Donna heat engine is equal to one minus T1 divided by T2!”

Donna said with a smile: “That鈥檚 it. The best way for us to improve efficiency is to increase the temperature difference. As long as the temperature difference is large enough, the motivation will be particularly strong. Your thinking on magic is also very interesting. I think we can combine these 2 The author thinks and integrates into two papers for publication, and discusses with other wizards.”

A week is a week, and two papers have been published. The hypothetical model of Donna’s “On the Power of Heat” has aroused extensive discussion in the mechanical school. Many practical application wizards have started to improve the power of the power engine based on the theory.

Wizards have passed the stage of steam kinetic energy. They discovered that various chemical energy can also be converted into mechanical energy. The ideal model proposed by Donna has great practical significance.

And Thomas’ hypothesis that the world is a steam engine seems to be too illusory, and discussions and criticisms continue.

Ace, who had been paying attention to this matter, saw two people’s papers, and his eyes lit up.

“Thomas’ thinking is very interesting. This idea is really probable, but the thermodynamics are still a bit close. You still haven’t noticed another key point. It seems that I can only play in person.”

Ace unrolled a magic paper and wrote a title on it, “The Second Law of Thermodynamics-Thinking from Donna’s Heat Engine”.

The sun was shining outside the window, everything was business as usual, no one noticed that a stunning monster was about to be born.

The power of the great source is constantly tossing. It seems to want to give Ace huge feedback, but it is pressed by Ace. The great source feedback of the wizard world cluster has no practical meaning for Ace. It is not as good as the dimensional collapse zone obtained through the high-dimensional crack. The energy that comes is strong, it is better to leave it to others.

According to the current situation of the wizard world cluster, we can still support another 4 personal achievement myths. As for other wizards who may achieve myths but have no resources, they can also return to the Kaya world in the future, where resources are much more extensive.

One day later, the special issue of “Magic” was released again, and almost everyone saw the title “The Second Law of Thermodynamics”, the first author Ace.

Betty lay comfortably in the wizard tower, bathed in sunlight, and the shadow crow flew over and delivered the special issue to her. She glanced at the special issue inadvertently, and then sat upright.

“The second law of thermodynamics?”

She read slowly, and the name Ace seemed to have a magical effect. Although Ace has not published a theoretical monograph for a long time, as a teacher of wizards, only one immortal Legendary, no one dares to underestimate his research.

The opening part was a compliment to Donna’s hot machine, which made Betty and You proud, she was ready to praise Donna, and then Ace asked 2 questions.

“One is whether the efficiency of the Donna heat engine equals one?

In this case, it is necessary to ensure that T1 is infinite or T2 is zero, the temperature infinity is impossible, and the temperature is zero.

The zero temperature here does not mean the freezing point of water in the ordinary sense, because this is just a conventional unit of measurement. We need to establish a new temperature scale, the absolute temperature scale.

We know that at the same temperature, the volume of a gas is inversely proportional to the pressure.

After my measurement, for a certain volume of any gas, when the temperature increases or decreases by a traditional temperature, the increase or decrease in pressure is also constant, approximately equal to 1273.

Therefore, if we cool an ideal gas with a traditional zero temperature to minus 273 degrees, its air pressure will return to zero and its volume will return to zero.

In other words, the temperature can no longer drop, and the volume will be negative if it is reduced again, which is obviously impossible.

Therefore, the traditional temperature of minus 200 73 degrees is absolute zero, and absolute zero does not exist, so the efficiency of the Donna heat engine cannot reach 100%. “

Betty seemed to feel something, and it seemed that she hadn’t grasped anything, it was as if the soles of her feet were itchy, but it was tickling through the boots.

He continued to look at Ace’s second question: “How about the efficiency of the Donna heat engine equal to zero?”

Betty said softly: “It’s very simple, T1=T2 will do.”

“But what does it mean that the two are equal? 鈥嬧€婭t means that the Donna heat engine is idle and busy, which means that the Donna heat engine cannot work under the same heat source.

Because we can determine that it is impossible to absorb heat from a single heat source to completely turn it into useful work without other effects. In short, useful work cannot be done under a single heat source system. “

Betty as if was struck by lightning, muttered: “A single heat source system can’t do useful work. Is our world a single heat source system? Does the star world count?”

He looked down at Ace鈥檚 article: 鈥淚t鈥檚 like separating hot and cold water with a partition. When the partition is removed, it will only cool and heat evenly. It will not be hot, hot, cold, or cold. There are two directions of change. One is the direction of natural evolution, and the other is the unnatural direction.

Natural directions proceed spontaneously and independently, while unnatural directions must be affected by external influences.

This is the second law of thermodynamics: heat cannot be transferred from a low-temperature object to a high-temperature object without any influence. “

The simple summary made Betty’s heart tremble. Her closed-loop system’s mechanical ball was even a little unstable. She continued to read, but her eyes were a little bit unclear.

“In such a purely isolated system, the internal heat will become equal sooner or later, and the same loneliness. If the entire astral world is regarded as an isolated system, the energy conversion inside the astral world is regarded as a Donna heat engine, constantly changing from the high temperature in the system. Objects absorb energy and transfer energy to low-temperature objects. One day, the temperatures of high-temperature objects and low-temperature objects are equal, and then the entire astral world cannot function.

So I created a concept, entropy.

The entropy of a system is equal to the heat absorbed (or dissipated) by the system in a certain process divided by its absolute temperature.This is the definition of entropy. In an isolated system, this is an irreversible process, that is, the flow of heat from a high-temperature object to a low-temperature object is irreversible.

This is the inevitable irreversible process from order to disorder in the isolated system. This process can be called heat death. “

Bang!

Betty seemed to see the infinite world collapse, the upper world fell, the star realm finally flattened, and the whole star realm fell into solitude.

“Not necessarily, really not necessarily. First of all, our world is not an isolated system, but an open system. The world can exchange with the star realm, and energy, matter, and information can be exchanged. Then this star realm, say There are also unknown star realms that can be exchanged, but we can’t understand it.”

With a stable mind, Betty also saw the last paragraph of Ace: “Isolated system always tends to increase entropy, and finally reaches the maximum state of entropy, which is the most chaotic and disordered state of system. However, for an open system, because It can transfer the increase in entropy generated by internal energy exchange by releasing heat to the environment, so the open system may tend to decrease in entropy and reach an orderly state.”

This article by Ace stirred up 1000 waves in one stone. The second law of thermodynamics and the theorem of entropy increase almost became the hottest discussion. The sporadic headless corpses cannot prevent wizards from discussing and studying. The entropy increase theorem is just like the earth. shattering, deduced the true face of the entire world from a simple Donna heat engine.

Thomas immediately claimed that magic power is actually a certain kind of entropy increase, and he very much suspects that magic power is the process of transferring energy from a higher level to the lower level of the astral world, and this process coincides with entropy increase and heat death.

“The more disorderly, the greater the increase in entropy. We should promote order and achieve the reduction of entropy. And the final heat death of the entire star realm is too far away, just like people are going to die after all. Although true, but also far away, we no need to worry.

I think what we wizards need to do now is to reduce the entropy of our wizard world as much as possible, as an open system, constantly plundering resources from the outside and from the other world. “

With bright eyes, Bru talked freely at the highest review meeting of the central tower.

Thales also stood up, loudly said: “The theorem of increase in entropy proves one more thing. The star realm is a Dark Forest. Every world civilization tries to plunder the other’s resources to reduce the entropy of its world and achieve maximum order. Change, let the other world increase in entropy, and welcome the ultimate destruction.”